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Calun z Turynu ma swoja Homepage:

http://www.cais.com/npacheco/shroud/curres.html

Cytuje z Current Research:

By 1988 Carbon 14 dating techniques were sufficiently sophisticated
to be done with minutely small
quantities of material. The Vatican agreed to such a test, and three
laboratories were selected by the
Archdiocese of Turin -- Oxford University, the University of
Arizona, and the Swiss Federal
Institute of Technology. At the end of the testing the Vatican
reported that the three tests had dated
the cloth only to medieval times, and therefore the Shroud was not authentic.

      Dodatek moj: Trzy wymienione laboratoria przeprowadzily badania w
        sposob slepy. Kazde z nich dostalo probki z calunu oraz probki z
        innych materialow o znanym wieku. Probki byly zakodowane
        przez Watykan i zadne laboratorium nie znalo pochodzenia
        probek.  Po dokonaniu analizy
       wyniki wrocily do Watykanu, ktory je oglosil publicznie.
       Wszystkie probki byly datowane identycznie (w granicach bledu)
       przez trzy laboratoria. Wszystkie
       daly wynik ze material calunu pochodzi ze sredniowiecza
       (pozne sredniowiecze).
       Wyniki te byly podane przez Science and Nature kilka lat temu.
       Naukowcy sie zgadzaja co do daty, ale oczywiscie wielu nie
       chce zaakceptowac
       faktow, i badania trwaja. Trudno jednak o oddzielenie mitow
       od faktow jako ze
       wiele testow (np. ponizej) nigdy ne bylo naukowo
       zwerifikowanych (powtorzonych
       przez niezalezne laboratoria, jak to mialo miejsce przy datowaniu).


These reports were
carried around the world, and most scientists lost interest
in pursuing the mystery of the Shroud any
further -- in spite of the overwhelming body of evidence from
other tests that indicated a much
older Shroud. The Carbon 14 results also provided skeptics
with a piece of hard scientific evidence to
continue their attacks on the Shroud's authenticity.

Current research focuses on understanding the Carbon 14 data
and on the Shroud's Jewish origins.
The two leading Shroud researchers today are Dr. John Jackson,
director of the Turin Shroud Center
in Colorado Springs, and Dr. Dimitri Kouznetsov, director of
the Sedov Biopolymer Research
Laboratory in Moscow. Jackson has joined forces with
Kouznetsov in a 12-month research project
that aims to explain more precisely how the 1532 fire
may have affected the carbon dating. The
Sedov laboratory is researching the exchange of carbon
isotopes with linen, while the Turin Shroud
Center is continuing his prior research into the "yellowing"
of linen with respect to temperature. The
findings of these two centers have cast serious doubt on the
Carbon 14 dating.

According to Kouznetsov, an inaccurate carbon count in flax
due to a process called
biofractionalization, coupled with the possible chemical
bonding of extraneous carbon to the shroud
during the fire, may have resulted in an inaccurate Carbon 14
measurement. Kouznetsov has said that
the shroud is "not less than 1800 years old" once corrections
are made for the fire and the inaccurate
carbon-in-flax count. In a test case, Dr. Kouznetsov subjected
an ancient linen cloth from Israel to
conditions similar to what the Shroud had undergone in 1532.
The linen had been previously dated to
200 AD by carbon 14 techniques, but after undergoing high
temperature conditions in the presence of
silver, it dated 1,400 years later.


In 1988, Jackson and a group of scientists heated linen
samples with a carbon dioxide laser and
measured the resulting temperature and color variations
as a function of time. Applying that to the
shroud, he will compare the intensity of the coloring of
the shroud where images do not occur with
his former research. Jackson proposes that this data could
be used in respect to the shroud to give
more precise conditions of the 1532 fire.


At the Turin Shroud Center, Rebecca Jackson is pursuing
historical research into the Jewish origins
of the Shroud. She has found tantalizing clues that the
Shroud, which according to the Scriptures was
purchased by the wealthy Joseph of Arimathea, may have
also served as a tablecloth for the Last
Supper. A summary of these latest findings was reported
by the Denver Catholic Register on 17
February 1993.


Recently a new objection to the Carbon 14 results has been
raised within scientific circles. The
objection, as reported in "Science News" on 3 June 1995,
is that "microbes may have interfered with
these dating results, making the shroud appear younger
than it actually is, asserts a research team led
by Stephen J. Mattingly and Leoncio A. Garza-Valdes of
the University of Texas at San Antonio."
These scientists have for years studied how microbes
can coat archeological artifacts with what they
call "biogenic varnishes," which are plastic-like
coatings deposited on the artifacts from the action
of bacteria or fungi. By subjecting Shroud samples to
infrared and mass spectroscopy, they found
evidence of a number of microbes, including ones that
grow in a bleaching agent called natron that
may have been used on the Shroud.


According to these scientists, the radiocarbon dating
that was done could not distinguish between the
linen's cellulose and the coating caused by the
microbes, which may have been much more recent.
The researchers hope to get more samples for testing.
Their test would first process the Shroud
sample with an enzyme that breaks down the linen's
cullulose -- free of contaminants -- and carbon
date the cellulose.