🚀 go-pugleaf

In article <3300C7...@pass.wayne.edu>,
Michael Edelman  <m...@pass.wayne.edu> wrote:

	[On IBM giving away cloning rights...] 
>Bingo. Amazing how many people come up with nonsense like the "path
>dependancy" arguments when the facts are so clearly laid out.

	Aside from the interesting rewrite of history, which has been 
corrected by others (some clones from the mid-80's would contain labels 
like 95% IBM-compatible), there are loads of evidence for path 
dependence.

	One example is natural languages, which reveal an abundance of 
evidence of path dependency. Consider English's awkward spelling. Even 
aside from there, check out:

http://www.tezcat.com/~markrose/numbers.html

	-- it is of the names of numbers from 1 to 10 in many languages. 
I will count 1, 2, 3 in several of them. Your eyes may glaze over from 
this long list, but the point is that the pattern of similarities proves 
a clear path dependence here.

English: one, two, three
Old English: an, twa, thri
Dutch: een, twee, drie
German: eins, zwei, drei

Norwegian: en, to, tre
Swedish: en, tva, tre
Icelandic: einn, tveir, thrir

Gothic: ains, twai, threis

French: un, deux, trois
Old French: un, deus, treis
Spanish: uno, dos, tres
Portuguese: um, dois, tres
Italian: uno, due, tre
Romanian: un, doi, trei
Latin: u:nus, duo, tre:s
Old Latin: (1 is oinos)

Welsh: un, dau, tri
Old Irish: oin, da, tri
Irish Gaelic: aon, do, tri

Classical Greek: heis, duo:, treis
Modern Greek: ena, dio, tria

Albanian: nji, dy, tre

Lithuanian: vienas, du, trys
Latvian: viens, divi, tris

Russian: odin, dva, tri
Polish: jeden, dwa, trzy
Czech: jeden, dve, tri
Serbo-Croatian: jedan, dva, tri
Bulgarian: edin, dve, tri

Pashto: yau, dwa, dre
Farsi: yak, du:, si
Baluchi: yak, do:, sai

Hindi/Urdu: e:k, do:, ti:n
Marathi: e:k, do:n, ti:n
Gujarati: e:k, be, tran
Bengali: ek, dui, tin
Sinhalese: eka, deka, tuna
Pali: eka, dvi, ti
Sanskrit: eka, dvau, traya

Finnish: yksi, kaksi, kolme
Estonian: u"s', kaks', koume
Mordvin: veike, kavto, kolmi
Hungarian: egy, ketto":, harom

Turkish: bir, iki, u"c,
Azeri: bir, iki, u"ch
Tatar: ber, ike, o"ch
Kazakh: bir, yeki, ush
Kyrghyz: bir, eki, u"ch
Chuvash: per, ik, vizh'e

Mongol: nigen, qoyar, ghurban

Native Japanese: hitotsu, futatsu, mittsu
Old Japanese: pito", puta, mi

Mandarin Chinese: yi, er, san
Cantonese: yat, yih, saam
Shanghainese: iq, lia, se
Sino-Japanese: ichi, ni, san
Sino-Korean: il, yi, sam 

Tibetan: chi, nyi, sum
Burmese: ti:, hni:, thoun:

Vietnamese: mot, hai, ba
Khmer: muy, pir, bei

Tagalog: isa, dalawa, tatlo
Malagasy: iray, roa, telo
Indonesian: satu, dua, tiga
Fijian: e dua na, e rua na, e tolu na
Maori: tahi, rua, toru
Tahitian: tahi, piti, toru
Hawaiian: 'ekahi, 'elua, 'ekolu

Brahui: asit, irat, musit
Telugu: okati, rendu, mu:du
Gondi: undi: rrand, mund
Kannada: ondu, erdo, muuru
Tamil: ondru, iranda, rmu:ndru

Arabic: wa:hid, ithna:n, thala:thah
Hebrew: 'ehod, shenayim, shalosh
Akkadian: ishte:n, shena, shalash

[my patience runs out here; check MR's list for African and New World ones]

-- 
Loren Petrich				Happiness is a fast Macintosh
pet...@netcom.com			And a fast train
My home page: http://www.webcom.com/petrich/home.html
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