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Article #539196Assembler quality evaluation (mini computers 1969)
From: hanc...
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2013 16:44
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 2013 16:44
114 lines
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6180 bytes
The December 1969 issue of C&A is devoted to mini computers, including a section on evaluating them for purchase. The article on assembler evaluation is particularly interesting. While we take the functions below for granted today, at one time not that long ago they were not always available in the smallest machines. http://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/computersAndAutomation/196912.pdf Is it possible to produce relocatable code? - Relocatable code can reduce assembly time because subroutines need not be assembled every time they are used, nor is it necessary to always locate routines at fixed origins. What features are available and what are the configuration requirements for each? - A macro assembler requiring 8K of core is useless if you purchase a 4K machine. Is the assembler device independent? - If you intend to purchase high-performance peripherals, determine whether they can be used with the standard software. Is an assembler available which may be run on a large-scale machine? - The availability of an assembler for a large-scale machine can make life a lot more pleasant, if a large amount of programming must be done without high performance peripherals. Is there a macro capability? - Macro's are very useful if you intend to develop an assembler tailored to a specific application such as electronic testing. How many passes are required for assembly? - The important point to consider here is the number of times that the source tape must be passed in order to produce a listing and an object tape. Some systems require three passes with basic equipment. One-pass assemblers, while gaining speed in assembly, leave much to be resolved by the loader and, therefore, use many indirect addresses. What pseudo-ops are available? - Pseudo-ops are directives to the assembler. They increase the usefulness and flexibility of the assembler. Are literals permitted? - Literals provide a convenient method for defining constants and make a program easier to follow. What forms of number conversion are available? - Most assemblers allow for the conversion of decimal integers. The conversion of mixed decimal and floating point numbers is usually restricted to machines having more than 4096k words of core. If the basic assembler does not have these conversions, check on the availability of a stand-alone conversion program for this purpose. Is the object code compatible with Fortran? - Compatible object code permits intermi xing Fortran and assembly language programs, which communicate through the use of the COMMON pseudo-op. How large a program can be assembled? - The limit on how large a program the assembler can handle is determined by the room available for the symbol table. Is a concordance provided? - A concordance is a list of the symbols used in a program with the address assigned and the identification of the program lines that refer to the symbol. This feature is usually not available in 4K assemblers. What syntax error detection is available? - It is important that the assembler be able to detect and inform the user of all syntax errors. An operation mode in which only error lines are listed saves much time on basic machines. What types of expressions are allowed? - Expressions for expressing data values and addresses are very useful if the values change from assembly to assembly. Basic assemblers usually limit expressions to the use of the addition and subtraction operators; more advanced assemblers permit multiplication, division, logical and relational (greater than, equal, etc.) operators. Are conditional assembly pseudo-ops available? - The capability of determining which lines will be assembled by evaluating an expression saves much programming time. It i~ possible to write a large prototype program which handles a large class of problems and then customize it by setting control variables. The result is a program which is only as large as is necessary to do the immediate task. That issue also has a full page ad for an APL time sharing service. TEN TIMES MORE POWERFUL THAN FORTRAN! WHY? THREE WEEKS WORK can be done in one productive day. HOW? Continuous hands-on-time programming; over 400 turn-arounds possible per day. WHAT IS IT? It's a newly-discovered computational shorthand, a fully-general computer languagefor all types of programming. Every Programmer should learn it. (APL became an IBM PRODUCT in September, 1969; not to be confused with PL/, an older IBM language) PROBLEM-SOLVING at your desk. INTERACTIVE; hands-on-time for fast turn-around. COST: You pay only $12 per hour because others "time share" the same machine. MANY HIGH-POWERED PROGRAMS available for immediate use or easily incorporated into, your own programming. ALWAYS AVAILABLE, 24 hours per day, 7 days a week, including holidays. . SCHEDULES: Immediate diagnostics and faster programming; therefore, schedules can be met and beaten, with APL. LOCATIONS: For information on terminals and service, call the location nearest you and ask for the sales department. Not for sale for unethical or destructive purposes
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